Q253171: HOWTO: Create a Most Recently Used (MRU) File List in VB
Article: Q253171
Product(s): Microsoft Visual Basic for Windows
Version(s): WINDOWS:4.0,5.0,6.0
Operating System(s):
Keyword(s): kbCmnDlgFileO kbMenu kbVBp kbVBp400 kbVBp500 kbVBp600 kbGrpDSVB kbDSupport
Last Modified: 11-JAN-2001
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The information in this article applies to:
- Microsoft Visual Basic Learning Edition for Windows, versions 5.0, 6.0
- Microsoft Visual Basic Professional Edition for Windows, versions 5.0, 6.0
- Microsoft Visual Basic Enterprise Edition for Windows, versions 5.0, 6.0
- Microsoft Visual Basic Standard Edition, 32-bit, for Windows, version 4.0
- Microsoft Visual Basic Professional Edition, 16-bit, for Windows, version 4.0
- Microsoft Visual Basic Professional Edition, 32-bit, for Windows, version 4.0
- Microsoft Visual Basic Enterprise Edition, 16-bit, for Windows, version 4.0
- Microsoft Visual Basic Enterprise Edition, 32-bit, for Windows, version 4.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY
=======
Many applications offer a list of most recently used files (usually referred to
as an MRU list and located on the File menu). This MRU list allows for quick
selection of a file or project that was recently opened without having to select
FILE-OPEN and browse or search to locate that file. This article demonstrates
one approach to achieving this functionality.
MORE INFORMATION
================
Visual Basic does not provide any built-in mechanism for managing a list of
recently used files. However, as a developer, you can easily create this list
through the use of a menu control array. The use of a menu control array allows
you to dynamically add menu items to a Visual Basic form during program
execution. There are some prerequisites for a menu control array to work.
Primarily, the first element of the array must be created during the development
of the application. This is as simple as creating the menu item as usual and
then setting its INDEX property to the numeric value of 0, thus making this menu
item the first element, element 0, of the array. Once this is done, the LOAD
method can be used to create additional elements in that array. One important
thing to note is that, by default, the VISIBLE property of control array
elements created at run time is FALSE. Therefore, you also need to set this
property if you want the user to see the new item.
For more information on menu control arrays and control arrays in general, please
refer to Visual Basic's Online documentation by searching for "Control Array."
Following are steps to create a small fully functioning example application
featuring an MRU file list. This example demonstrates the following features:
- It is dynamic and supports a various number of MRU items.
- A maximum number of MRU entries can be defined.
- The list is always sorted from the "most recent" to "least recent."
- The MRU list is saved to the registry upon application termination and loaded
upon application startup.
STEPS TO CREATE SAMPLE
----------------------
1. Create a new Visual Basic Standard EXE project. Form1 is created by default.
2. From the Project menu, select Components, check Microsoft Common Dialog
control, and click OK.
3. Add a Common Dialog control to Form1.
4. From the Tools menu, select Menu Editor, and create the following menu
structure:
File (Name = mnuFile)
---Open (Name = mnuOpen)
---MRU FileList (Name = mnuMRU, Visible = False, Index = 0)
---Quit (Name = mnuQuit)
5. Paste the following code into Form1's code window:
Option Explicit
Private Const MaxMRU = 4 'Maximum number of MRUs in list (-1 for no limit)
Private Const NotFound = -1 'Indicates a duplicate entry was not found
Private Const NoMRUs = -1 'Indicates no MRUs are currently defined
Private MRUCount As Long 'Maintains a count of MRUs defined
Private Sub Form_Load()
' Initialize the count of MRUs
MRUCount = NoMRUs
' Call sub to retrieve the MRU filenames
GetMRUFileList
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer)
' Call sub to save the MRU filenames
SaveMRUFileList
End Sub
Private Sub mnuMRU_Click(Index As Integer)
' Call sub to reorder the MRU list
ReorderMRUList mnuMRU(Index).Caption, CLng(Index)
End Sub
Private Sub mnuOpen_Click()
' Show the file open common dialog
Me.CommonDialog1.ShowOpen
' Call sub to add this file as an MRU
AddMRUItem Me.CommonDialog1.FileName
End Sub
Private Sub AddMRUItem(NewItem As String)
Dim result As Long
' Call sub to check for duplicates
result = CheckForDuplicateMRU(NewItem)
' Handle case if duplicate found
If result <> NotFound Then
' Call sub to reorder MRU list
ReorderMRUList NewItem, result
Else
' Call sub to add new item to MRU menu
AddMenuElement NewItem
End If
End Sub
Private Function CheckForDuplicateMRU(ByVal NewItem As String) As Long
Dim i As Long
' Uppercase newitem for string comparisons
NewItem = UCase$(NewItem)
' Check all existing MRUs for duplicate
For i = 0 To MRUCount
If UCase$(Me.mnuMRU(i).Caption) = NewItem Then
' Duplicate found, return the location of the duplicate
CheckForDuplicateMRU = i
' Stop searching
Exit Function
End If
Next i
' No duplicate found, so return -1
CheckForDuplicateMRU = -1
End Function
Private Sub mnuQuit_Click()
' Close the program
Unload Me
End Sub
Private Sub AddMenuElement(NewItem As String)
Dim i As Long
' Check that we will not exceed maximum MRUs
If (MRUCount < (MaxMRU - 1)) Or (MaxMRU = -1) Then
'Increment the menu count
MRUCount = MRUCount + 1
' Check if this is the first item
If MRUCount <> 0 Then
' Add a new element to the menu
Load mnuMRU(MRUCount)
End If
' Make new element visible
mnuMRU(MRUCount).Visible = True
End If
' Shift items to maintain most recent to least recent
For i = (MRUCount) To 1 Step -1
' Set the captions
mnuMRU(i).Caption = mnuMRU(i - 1).Caption
Next i
' Set caption for new item
mnuMRU(0).Caption = NewItem
End Sub
Private Sub ReorderMRUList(DuplicateMRU As String, DuplicateLocation As Long)
Dim i As Long
' Move entries previously "more recent" than the
' duplicate down one in the MRU list
For i = DuplicateLocation To 1 Step -1
mnuMRU(i).Caption = mnuMRU(i - 1).Caption
Next i
' Set caption of newitem
mnuMRU(0).Caption = DuplicateMRU
End Sub
Private Sub GetMRUFileList()
Dim i As Long 'Loop control variable
Dim result As String 'Name of MRU from registry
' Loop through all entries
Do
' Retrieve entry from registry
result = GetSetting(App.Title, "MRUFiles", Trim$(CStr(i)), "")
' Check if a value was returned
If result <> "" Then
' Call sub to additem to MRU list
AddMRUItem result
End If
' Increment counter
i = i + 1
Loop Until (result = "")
End Sub
Private Sub SaveMRUFileList()
Dim i As Long ' Loop control variable
' Loop through all MRU
For i = 0 To MRUCount
' Write MRU to registry with key as it's position in list
SaveSetting App.Title, "MRUFiles", Trim$(CStr(i)), mnuMRU(i).Caption
Next i
End Sub
6. Save and run the sample.
7. From the File menu, select Open, and choose any file. Repeat this step
several times and you can see the Most Recently Used (MRU) File List in the
File menu.
Each file you select appears, in order of most recently selected, as a menu item
under the File menu. If you select the same file twice, it only appears once in
the list. If you select it the second time, it should move to the top of the
list. Picking one of these items from the File menu also moves it to the top of
the MRU list.
Note that there is a constant named MaxMRU. This constant defines the maximum
number of items that appear as recent files on the File menu. In the sample code
above, this value is set to 4.
Additional query words:
======================================================================
Keywords : kbCmnDlgFileO kbMenu kbVBp kbVBp400 kbVBp500 kbVBp600 kbGrpDSVB kbDSupport
Technology : kbVBSearch kbAudDeveloper kbZNotKeyword6 kbZNotKeyword2 kbVB500Search kbVB600Search kbVBA500 kbVBA600 kbVB500 kbVB600 kbVB400Search kbVB400 kbVB16bitSearch
Version : WINDOWS:4.0,5.0,6.0
Issue type : kbhowto
=============================================================================
THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE MICROSOFT KNOWLEDGE BASE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. MICROSOFT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES SO THE FOREGOING LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY.
Copyright Microsoft Corporation 1986-2002.