Q158086: STL Sample for the list::back, list::front Functions

Article: Q158086
Product(s): Microsoft C Compiler
Version(s): 4.2,5.0,6.0
Operating System(s): 
Keyword(s): kbcode kbVC420 kbVC500 kbVC600 kbDSupport
Last Modified: 29-APR-2002

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The information in this article applies to:

- The Standard C++ Library, used with:
   - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Enterprise Edition, versions 4.2, 5.0, 6.0 
   - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Professional Edition, versions 4.2, 5.0, 6.0 
   - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Learning Edition, version 6.0 
   - Microsoft Visual C++.NET (2002) 
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SUMMARY
=======

The sample code below illustrates how to use the list::back, list::front,
list::pop_back, list::pop_front, list::push_back, and list::push_front STL
functions in Visual C++.

MORE INFORMATION
================

Required Header
---------------

     <list>

Prototype
---------

     reference back();
     const_reference back() const;
     reference front();
     const_reference front() const;
     void pop_back();
     void pop_front();
     void push_back(const T& x);
     void push_front(const T& x);

NOTE: The class/parameter names in the prototype may not match the version in the
header file. Some have been modified to improve readability.

Description
-----------

The member function back returns a reference to the last element of the
controlled sequence. The member function front returns a reference to the first
element of the controlled sequence. The member function pop_back removes the
last element of the controlled sequence. The member function pop_front removes
the first element of the controlled sequence. All the above functions require
that the controlled sequence be non-empty.

The member function push_back inserts an element with value x at the end of the
controlled sequence. The member function push_front inserts an element with
value x at the beginning of the controlled sequence.

Sample Code
-----------

  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
  // 
  // Compile options needed: -GX
  // 
  // liststck.cpp :  This example shows how to use the various stack
  //                 like functions of list.
  // 
  // Functions:
  // 
  //    list::back
  //    list::front
  //    list::pop_back
  //    list::pop_front
  //    list::push_back
  //    list::push_front
  // 
  // Written by Andrew Bradnan
  // Copyright (c) 1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

  #include <list>
  #include <string>
  #include <iostream>
  using namespace std;

  #if _MSC_VER > 1020   // if VC++ version is > 4.2
     using namespace std;  // std c++ libs implemented in std
     #endif

  typedef list<string, allocator<string> > LISTSTR;

  void main()

  {

      LISTSTR test;

      test.push_back("back");
      test.push_front("middle");
      test.push_front("front");

      // front
      cout << test.front() << endl;

      // back
      cout << test.back() << endl;

      test.pop_front();
      test.pop_back();

      // middle
      cout << test.front() << endl;

  }

The Program Output is:

front
back
middle

REFERENCES
==========

Visual C++ Books On Line: Visual C++ Books:C/C++:Standard C++ Library Reference.

Additional query words: STL STLSample kbdss list::back list::front list::pop_back list::pop_front list::push_back list::push_front

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Keywords          : kbcode kbVC420 kbVC500 kbVC600 kbDSupport 
Technology        : kbVCsearch kbAudDeveloper kbVCLibrary
Version           : :4.2,5.0,6.0
Issue type        : kbinfo

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