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Q142546: How to Use a RAM Drive to Troubleshoot Memory

Article: Q142546
Product(s): Microsoft Windows 95.x Retail Product
Version(s): 
Operating System(s): 
Keyword(s): kbenv win95 kbOSWin98
Last Modified: 03-APR-2002

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The information in this article applies to:

- Microsoft Windows 95 
- Microsoft Windows 98 
- Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition 
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SUMMARY
=======

Windows 95 and Windows 98 use memory differently than earlier versions of
Windows. If you encounter unusual random problems in Windows 95 that you did not
experience in an earlier version of Windows, your computer may have faulty
memory.

This article describes how to use a RAM drive to test the memory in your computer
and what to do if this does not solve the problems you are experiencing.

For additional information, click the article number below to view the article in
the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

  Q181862 Specifying Amount of RAM Available to Windows Using MaxPhysPage

MORE INFORMATION
================

Microsoft RAMDrive is a memory-resident program that lets you use part of your
computer's RAM as if it were a disk drive. By creating a RAM drive that uses
most of your computer's physical RAM, you may be able to isolate the memory
problem to a particular memory chip. To create a RAM drive using Windows 95,
perform the following steps:

1. Restart your computer. When you see the "Starting Windows 95" message, press
  the F8 key, and then choose Command Prompt Only from the Startup menu.

2. Use any text editor, such as Edit.com, to add the following line to the
  Config.sys file

  device=<path>\ramdrive.sys <x> /E

  where <path> specifies the location for Ramdrive.sys and <x> is
  equal to the total amount of RAM (converted from megabytes to kilobytes)
  minus 4096 (4 megabytes are required for Windows 95 to start). For example,
  if you installed Windows 95 on drive C in a folder called Windows and your
  computer has 16 megabytes (MB) of RAM, add the following line:

  device=c:\windows\ramdrive.sys 12288 /E

  The value 12288 is derived from the following formula using the example
  above:

  (16 * 1024) - 4096 = 12288 bytes

  NOTE: The Ramdrive.sys line must follow the Himem.sys line, or the RAM drive
  may not function.

  NOTE: Windows 95 is limited to a 16-MB RAM drive. For additional information,
  please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

  Q126448 Err Msg: Not Enough Extended Memory Available to Start...

3. Save the Config.sys file and then restart your computer normally.

4. If the problems no longer occur, halve the value for <x> in the
  Config.sys file and restart your computer. Repeat these steps until the
  problem returns. Once it returns, the faulty RAM is in the area that you most
  recently removed from the RAM drive. Contact your hardware manufacturer about
  replacing this memory.

5. If the problems persist, there may be a problem in the memory above the high
  memory area (HMA) that Ramdrive.sys is not using. To test the memory above
  the HMA (starting at 1088K), remove Ramdrive.sys from the Config.sys file and
  add the following line to the Config.sys file

  device=<path>\himem.sys /int15=<x>

  where <path> specifies the location for Himem.sys and <x> is equal
  to the total amount of RAM you want to exclude from Windows 95's use. For
  example, the line "device=c:\windows\himem.sys /int15=4096" prevents Windows
  95 from using the section of memory from 1088K to 5184K (or roughly the first
  4 MB of RAM above conventional memory + the UMA + the HMA). If the problems
  no longer occur, this memory needs to be replaced.

If you continue to have problems, one of the following situations may exist:

- The problems may be caused by memory within the 1088K of RAM that the
  RAMdrive and HIMEM statements cannot reserve for Windows 95. To test this,
  try new memory modules or switch the order of the RAM modules in your
  computer. If you are unfamiliar with this process, Microsoft recommends that
  you contact your hardware manufacturer for assistance.

- The problems may be caused by CPU cache RAM. Many new processors implement a
  method of optimization that uses motherboard and internal CPU cache RAM to
  increase performance and optimize data and code execution. This cache is used
  to offset the number of direct reads that are performed against main memory
  for frequently used data and code.

  To test this, disable the internal and external CPU cache. For information on
  how to do this, please read your hardware documentation or contact your
  hardware manufacturer.

Additional query words: bad hang kbhowto

======================================================================
Keywords          : kbenv win95 kbOSWin98 
Technology        : kbWin95search kbWin98search kbWin98SEsearch kbZNotKeyword3 kbWin98 kbWin98SE
Version           : :
Hardware          : x86
Issue type        : kbhowto

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