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Q100086: Using the LINK32 -LINK Command

Article: Q100086
Product(s): Microsoft Fortran Compiler
Version(s): 1.0,1.0a
Operating System(s): 
Keyword(s): 
Last Modified: 03-NOV-1999

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The information in this article applies to:

- Microsoft FORTRAN PowerStation for MS-DOS, versions 1.0, 1.0a 
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SUMMARY
=======

The text below presents the LINK32 linker, its command line options, and how to
use the utility.

The information is similar for FORTRAN PowerStation 32. Please see the
documentation for more details.

MORE INFORMATION
================

LINK32.EXE performs several functions, specified by one of the following
command-line options:

  -LINK   Create an executable file (linking)
  -LIB    Create or modify a library (librarian)
  -DUMP   Display information about a library

The -LINK option directs LINK32 to create an executable file. Specifying the
-LINK option is not required; creating an executable file from object modules is
the utility's default behavior.

LINK32 supports wildcard characters to specify object modules. This behavior is
different from that of previous versions of LINK.

The LINK32 -LINK options are as follows:

    -DEBUG:[mapped|notmapped,]{none|minimal|partial|full}
     -DEBUG:NONE is the default. If the command line specifies
     -DEBUG:NONE or omits the -DEBUG option, LINK32 does not write
     any debugging information into the executable file. -DEBUG:FULL
     provides the same information as the LINK /CODEVIEW option in
     the 16-bit linker.

  -DEFAULTLIB:library[,library]
     Specifies the alternate method to specify libraries. If the
     LINK32 command line includes the -DEFAULTLIB option, separate
     the names of successive libraries on the command line with a
     comma; otherwise, use a space.

  -MAP[:filename]
     Specifies map file creation. LINK32 generates map files that
     contain brief summary information about the size of code and
     data followed by considerable detail about the code modules used
     to link the application. The LINK32 -DUMP option provides
     similar information.

  -OUT:filename
     Specifies the name for the executable file.

  -STACK:[reserve][,commit]
     Specifies the stack size for the executable file.

  -VERSION:minor[.major]
     Specifies the version number for the executable file (the
     default version is 0.0).

When you create a LINK32 command line, modify only the options listed above.
Specify any other option on the FL32 command line exactly as provided in the
documentation.

Do not use the following options: ALIGN, BASE, DEBUGTYPE, NODEFAULTLIB, DLL,
ENTRY, FIXED, FORCE, NOPACK, GPSIZE, HEAP, INCLUDE, MACHINE, ORDER, ROM,
SECTION, STUB, SUBSYSTEM, and VERBOSE.

Note: The Build Tools Help file in the Visual Workbench version 1.0 provides
additional information about LINK32. However, this file does not list all the
available options and it contains errors in the description of the DEBUG option.
This article provides the most current information about LINK32 -LINK.

The syntax to specify a response file is the same as that used by Microsoft LINK
for MS-DOS: LINK32 @<responsefilename>. To add an additional object
module, specify it on the same line as the existing object modules (with a space
character separating the names) or specify it on the line following the existing
object modules.

The minimum LINK32 command line requires only the list of object modules and
libraries, as follows:

  LINK32 test.obj libf.lib libc.lib kernel32.lib ntdll.lib

If desired, you could specify the libraries in a response file, such as
DEFAULT.LRF, that contains the following line:

 libf.lib libc.lib kernel32.lib ntdll.lib

To specify this response file on the LINK32 command line, use the following
syntax:

  LINK32 test.obj @default.lrf

LINK32 uses the .OBJ filename extension to identify object modules and the .LIB
filename extension to identify libraries.

LINK32 automatically converts OMF (Intel object module format) object modules to
COFF object modules during the linking process if and only if the OMF files
contain 32-bit flat memory model object code. For example, Microsoft Macro
Assembler (MASM) version 6.1 creates OMF object files. LINK32 can directly
process a 32-bit flat memory model file from MASM 6.1; the CVTOMF.EXE utility is
not required.

When linking from the command line (separate from a compilation), you must
manually run the bind utility from the command line:

  BINDMSF filename.EXE

FL32 spawns the bind utility as part of a compilation; LINK32 does not. FL32
provides an easy method to link from the command line because it generates all
required options and default library names. It also recognizes the .LIB and .OBJ
filename extensions and acts appropriately. For example, the following FL32
command line links the two object modules with the library and binds the
result:

  FL32 file1.obj file2.obj user.lib

The LINK32 command line that FL32 generates typically contains the following
options when the FL32 command line contains the -Zi option switch:

  -out:test.exe            Name of the executable file
  -debug:none              No debugging information (default)
  -machine:i386            Intel processor family (386, 486, and so
                           on) Does not apply only to 386.
  -base:0x00010000         Base location (default)
  -subsystem:console       Targets Windows NT console
  -entry:mainCRTStartup    Entry point symbolic name (default)
  -stack:32768,4096        32K stack reserved, 4K committed
  -defaultlib:libf.lib,libc.lib,kernel32.lib,ntdll.lib
                           Default libraries
  -debug:full              Include full debugging information
  -debugtype:cv4           CodeView-type symbolic information
  a.obj

Note that the command line specifies the -DEBUG option twice; the second
specification is correct.

Additional query words: kbinf 1.00 1.00a

======================================================================
Keywords          :  
Technology        : kbAudDeveloper kbFortranSearch kbZNotKeyword3 kbFORTRANPower100DOS kbFORTRANPower100aDOS
Version           : :1.0,1.0a

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